Title: Resistance of foodborne pathogen coliphages to additives applied in food manufacture

Abstract

In order to evaluate whether coliphages can be used in combination with food additives, six lytic phages against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains were tested for their resistance to additives commonly used in the dairy and meat industries. All the phages evaluated were completely inactivated after a 1-min incubation at 25
C when exposed to acetic and lactic acids at 4% v/v without pH adjustment, whereas phage viability remained unchanged when pH was adjusted to 5.0 (acetic) and 4.5 (lactic). Likewise, the six phages proved to be highly resistant to both acetate and lactate (4%; sodium salts) after a 24-h incubation. When phage viability was evaluated at 25
C in Tris-Magnesium-Gelatin buffer supplemented with nitrite (0.015% w/v), phage titers were never below 7e8 log10 PFU ml1 for all the phages tested. Regarding the influence of additives added to dairy products on phage viability, each phage (1078 PFU ml1) challenged with nisin (0.25 mg ml1) remained viable after a 24 h-incubation. In addition, phage viability was either slightly affected or not affected at all when phages were exposed to chymosin. These results proved that phages can be used against pathogenic E. coli strains along with other additives as an additional hurdle in order to improve food safety.