Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors that can positively influence the implementation of a blockchain-based supply chain via an integrated framework. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has focused on prioritizing these factors.Design/methodology/approach – First, this study conducts a multivocal literature review, and a total of 48success factors (SFs) are identified and mapped into 11 categories. Second, the identified success factors andtheir categories are further validated by industry practitionersusing a questionnaire survey approach. Finally, this study applies an analytical hierarchy process to prioritize the identified SFs and their categories and to assess their importance for successful blockchain implementation in the supply chain management process. Findings – The “Accessibility” category has the highest importance, and the “Overall efficiency” category has the second highest rank. As far as the success factors are concerned, “Trackability” and “Traceability” are considered to be the prime success factors of a blockchain-based supply chain. The taxonomy of the categories and their success factors provide an outline for supply chain organizations to establish a strategy to implementblockchain technology. Practical implications – This technology can be practically applied in a sustainable supply chain. Another vital application of thisblockchain technology is in banking and finance because of the blockchain’s immutable data recording property. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no previous study focused on building ataxonomic model that allows supply chain organizations to compare this paper’s model with existing models and outline the necessary actions to improve supply chain activities. The questionnaire-based survey developed to validate the success factors in real-world practices and the factors’ prioritization can help academic researchers and industrial practitioners to settheir strategic goals accordingly.