Referring to the performance-based fire protection and safety evacuation, safety evacuation ability in a college library was analyzed. The fire loads and evacuation crowds of reading rooms was statistically analyzed with the on-the-spot Survey. The 4th reading room was considered as the most unfavourable evacuation area, and then it was reasonably simplified. The RSET (Required Safety Evacuation Time) was calculated according to experiential formulas, and ASET (Available Safety Evacuation Time) was determined by simulating room fire with field model FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator). Then the evacuation ability of the 4th Reading-Room can be confirmed if RSET˘ ASET. Based on the analysis above, the fire protection and safety evacuation performance in the college library can be affirmed.