The purpose of the practice of social work is to change behavior. Whether one engages in clinical work with individuals, couples, families, small groups, or organizations, or provides supervision, administration, community organization, or policy practice, the eventual bottom line is to effectively change the behavior of people. Towards this end, our discipline has adopted or developed a plethora of approaches, some of which are firmly grounded in a well-crafted theoretical orientation, others less so. A very widely used approach to practice is known as behavioral social work, which has been defined as: the informed use by professional social workers of assessments and interventions based on empirically derived learning theories. These theories include, but are not limited to, respondent learning, operant learning, and observational learning. Behavioral social workers may or may not subscribe to the philosophy of science known as behaviorism.