Sludge drying reed beds (SDRBs), as a natural biological technology, have positive effects on surplus sludge treatment. However, few studies focus on the sludge leachate purification in the SDRBs regarding the wetland plant species and sludge loading rates. In this study, four SDRBs planted with two wetland plant species (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia) were investigated for leachate purification under six sludge loading volumes and feeding frequencies (9L/3d, 6L/3d, 4L/d, 3L/d, 2.5L/d, and 2L/d). Results showed that the lowest Escherichia coli content of 630 number/mL was determined in the P. australis SDRBs, with 86.2–92.8% lower than those in the T. angustifolia controls. However, similar removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4 +), total phosphorus (TP), and heavy metals were obtained in the SDRBs with both plant species. Moreover, the optimum sludge loading volume and feeding frequency of 3L/d was determined in the P. australis system, with pollutants (COD, TN, NH4 +, and TP) mass removal efficiencies in the leachate being over 94.9%. In addition, the principal component analysis indicated that water loss and oxidationreduction potential had positive influences on pollutant removal in the planted SDRBs. Overall, the best leachate removal efficiency was obtained in the P. australis SDRBs under the sludge loading volume and feeding frequency of 3L/d.