Anxiety disorder on of the most common illnesses in the context of psychiatry. Potential causes include genetic and environmental factors, as well as the parental attachment of the individuals. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between parental attachment style and anxiety disorders for a group of children and their parents. Study data were collected from the mothers (N = 40) of children with an anxiety disorder who visited a child psychiatry outpatient clinic at a city hospital and a private institution in Kayseri (Turkey) in 2018. For the control group, 40 mothers of children without any mental illness were also included in the study. The purposive sampling method was used in the selection of the participants for both groups (experimental and control). Sociodemographic data sheet and parental bonding instrument (PBI) were utilized as the data collection instruments. Then, data were analyzed based on the descriptive analysis methodology that included mean scores, standard deviation, p-value, t-experimental, two-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation experiments by using SPSS v.22. The findings revealed that the mothers of the participants with a college degree in the experimental group had fewer perceptions of protection (t = 2.38, p < 0.01), but more perception of care from their mothers than fathers (t = −2.28, p < 0.05). In addition, although the perceived care of parents was found lower than the participants in the control group, the participants in both groups evaluated their parents analogously for overprotection. Findings showed that the mothers in the experimental group predominantly described their parents as neglecting.