The aim of this research was to investigate factors that influence logistics firms’ supply chain agility and supply chain resilience. Therefore, an integrated research model based on strategic human resource management and artificial intelligence was developed to determine the agility and resilience of logistics firms. Empirical data were collected from 221 employees working in manufacturing firms in Saudi Arabia. For the data analysis, a structural equation modeling approach was used. The results indicated that joint leadership, employee skills, organizational culture, competitive intensity, human capital development, and artificial intelligence had substantial explained variance R2 of 80% for supply chain agility. Similarly, an importance performance analysis revealed that, within the integrated research model of supply chain agility, the factors of leadership, human capital development, and organizational flexibility had greater importance in determining supply chain resilience. Practically, this research shows that factors like leadership, employee skills, organizational culture, competitive intensity, human capital development, and artificial intelligence are positively associated with supply chain agility and, hence, require policymakers’ attention. The value of this research lies in its integration of artificial intelligence, organizational flexibility, and strategic human resource management to explore supply chain agility and its examination of the impact of these factors on supply chain resilience.